A test using a ureteroscope to examine the ureters. It is performed under a general anaesthetic….

A test using a cystoscope to examine the vagina, cervix, bladder and rectum. It is performed under a general anaesthetic.

The area in the chest between the lungs. It contains the heart and large blood vessels, the oesophagus, the trachea and many lymph nodes….

The system that removes wastes from the blood and expels them from the body in urine. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra….

A small machine, usually attached to a finger or toe, that measures how much oxygen is in the blood….

A condition in which red blood cell levels are higher than normal….

A specialist who studies diseases to understand their nature and cause, and who interprets the results of tests (such as a biopsy or blood count)….

A type of white blood cell that defends the body against bacteria….

A blood clot that forms in the veins of the leg, often caused by immobility after an operation or long-distance travel.

Blood in the urine.