A type of surgery for selected small rectal cancers. The surgeon operates through the anus to remove the cancer without cutting into the abdomen.

Surgery done through small cuts in the abdomen using a laparoscope (a thin telescopic instrument) for viewing. Also called keyhole surgery.

The small cartilage flap in your throat that prevents food or fluid from going down the wrong way.

A small passage that carries air into the outer parts of the lungs.

A technique to create images of bones on a computer screen. A small amount of radioactive dye is injected into a vein. It collects in the bones and is detected by a scanning machine.

The removal of a small sample of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope to help diagnose a disease.

A type of thoracic surgery performed using a small video camera which is inserted, along with the operating instruments, through separate holes in the chest wall, known as ports….