Body image

Cancer treatments can cause changes to your appearance, such as hair loss, changes to your weight or the loss of a body part. Whether physical changes in cancer patients are temporary or permanent, they can deeply impact your self-esteem and leave you feeling self-conscious or less confident. If you’re experiencing changes in your body caused by cancer treatment, we’re here to support and help navigate the changes.

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Physical changes

Understanding and addressing these changes can help you adjust and find ways to maintain a positive sense of self when it comes to body image and cancer.

Physical changes in cancer patients might include:

  • Removal of a body part and the use of a prosthesis
  • Visible scars or skin tightness
  • Hair loss or changes in how your hair grows back
  • Difficulty speaking
  • Challenges with eating or drinking
  • Changes in breathing or shortness of breath
  • Losing weight from cancer or cancer treatment
  • Gaining weight from cancer or cancer treatment
  • Bowel or bladder issues
  • Changes in your sex life and intimacy
  • Early menopause or infertility
  • A feeling of aging prematurely

Cancer and losing weight

Weight loss and cancer often go hand-in-hand. This is often because cancer cells consume a lot of energy as they grow, and treatment side effects may reduce your appetite or make eating uncomfortable. Whether or not you lose weight from cancer will depend on the type of cancer.

Unintentional weight loss may indicate malnutrition and in advanced cancer, changes in how the body absorbs nutrients, known as cachexia, may occur. With the support of your cancer care team you can prevent or slow down weight loss.

Cancer and gaining weight

While weight loss is more common during cancer treatment, some people will experience weight gain, particularly with certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This can result from treatment side effects or medications:

  • Chemotherapy may cause fluid retention (oedema), leading to weight gain and a puffy appearance. Snacking to ease nausea can also increase food intake.
  • Hormone therapy slows metabolism by reducing hormone levels.
  • Steroid therapy (corticosteroids) can lead to fluid retention, a larger abdomen, a rounded face, and increased appetite, which may cause weight gain.

As with weight loss and cancer, if you are concerned about weight gain during treatment, talk to your doctor or dietitian. They can help you manage your weight while ensuring your body gets the nutrition it needs. Avoid starting a weight-loss diet without professional guidance.

Cancer and hair loss

Any treatment which acts on rapidly dividing cancer cells can also affect other rapidly dividing cells such as hair follicles (roots). Whether these changes are temporary or permanent, they can affect the way you feel about yourself (your self-esteem) and leave you feeling self-conscious and less confident.

You can contact Look Good Feel Better on 1800 650 960 or visit their website.

Adjusting to physical changes in cancer patients

Physical changes in cancer patients caused by treatment can deeply impact body image and self-confidence. With time, support, and self-care, many people find ways to embrace these changes and feel good about themselves again. To help adjust to any physical changes you may like to try:

  • Be kind to yourself and acknowledge your feelings – it’s okay to feel a range of emotions. Think of someone you love and imagine what you would say to them if they felt the same way.
  • Check your thoughts by asking yourself if you are jumping to conclusions or exaggerating the negatives. If so, is there something you can do to change the situation or improve it?
  • Write down your thoughts as this may help slow down your thinking and improve your ability to focus. It may also make it easier to work out if a thought is based on facts and if it is realistic or helpful. This can create an opportunity for you to challenge unhelpful ways of thinking.
  • Allow yourself time to adapt to physical changes; some may improve over time.
  • Talk openly about what has changed. Others may avoid the topic simply because they don’t know what to say.
  • Engage in activities that bring you joy or boost your confidence, such as walking, listening to music, studying, working, having a massage, relaxing outdoors, or volunteering.
  • Treat yourself to new clothes or accessories that help you feel comfortable and confident in your appearance.
  • Consider attending a free Look Good Feel Better workshop by calling 1800 650 960.
  • For practical advice on managing physical changes, contact Cancer Council Queensland on 13 11 20.

Eating and nutrition

At times your appetite may be impacted by cancer treatment, but where possible it is always recommended that you eat a balanced diet. Nutritious, healthy food can help to improve your energy levels, sexuality and sleeping patterns, and in turn support your mental wellbeing. If you find that you don’t feel like eating anything, try a small snack until your appetite returns. Tea, water and low-sugar juices are good choices when it comes to maintaining hydration.

Exercise and activity

Try to make movement a part of your daily routine. Regular physical activity can help you to manage your emotions. So be active, if possible, but be kind to yourself if you can’t make it happen today.

Questions you may have

Can cancer make you gain weight?

While weight loss is more common during cancer treatment, some people will experience weight gain, particularly with certain types of cancer, such as breast cancer. This can result from treatment side effects or medications. Feeling stressed or depressed can also make some people eat differently and being tired because of the treatment may make it harder to exercise.

If you put on weight during treatment and are concerned, speak to your doctor or dietitian about how to best manage it. It is important that your body gets enough nutrition, so do not try a weight loss diet without guidance from a health professional.

How to stop weight loss in cancer patients?

With the support of your cancer care team, you can prevent or slow down losing weight from cancer. If you cannot eat a balanced diet, or are losing weight without trying, your doctor or dietitian may suggest nutritional supplements such as Sustagen, Ensure, Fortisip or Resource. These are high in energy and protein and provide nutrients that can help maintain your strength.

When does cancer change your appearance?

Cancer treatments can bring physical changes in cancer patients, such as hair loss, scarring, changes to your weight or the loss of a body part. With time, support, and self-care, many people find ways to embrace these changes and feel good about themselves again.

Does your body odour change when you have cancer?

While cancer itself typically doesn’t cause noticeable changes in body odour, certain treatments like chemotherapy can affect your sense of smell and you may notice that your body odour is unpleasant. It’s important to note that these changes are usually temporary and often improve after treatment has finished. Talk to your cancer care team if you are concerned about a change in body odour.

Have other questions? Talk to us.

Our team is here to listen and support you.