Cutting down on alcohol

Reducing your alcohol intake supports better health and wellbeing. Choosing not to drink, or drinking less, is one way to support your long-term health and to reduce your cancer risk. The health benefits include, but are not limited to significant liver repair, improved sleep quality, more energy and clearer thinking.

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Alcohol and cancer

Alcohol is a Group 1 Carcinogen, meaning that any amount causes cancer in humans. Alcohol is in the same category for cancer risk as smoking and asbestos exposure. This connection exists no matter what sort of alcohol you drink, including wine, spirits, or beer. Alcohol is linked to at least 7 types of cancer:

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  1. Pharynx -  Regular drinking is a leading risk factor for neck cancers.
  2. Mouth - Alcohol and smoking together greatly increase the risk of mouth cancer.
  3. Oesophagus (Food pipe) – Alcohol can damage the food pipe, raising the risk of cancer. 
  4. Larynx   – Drinking alcohol increases the risk of cancer in your voice box.
  5. Breast – Alcohol is the most significant modifiable risk factor for breast cancer.  The more you drink, the higher the risk.
  6. Liver – Heavy drinking significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis of the liver, a leading cause of liver cancer. 
  7. Bowel - Drinking regularly can nearly double your risk of bowel cancer over time.

Cutting down on alcohol is one way you can lower your cancer risk and improve your overall health and wellbeing. Keep in mind that no alcohol is the safest choice.

How does alcohol cause cancer? 

Alcohol increases your risk of cancer in the following ways:

  1. The cancer risk of alcohol comes from how our bodies process it. When you have an alcoholic drink, your body breaks the alcohol down into a toxic chemical called acetaldehyde, a group 1 carcinogen that damages your DNA and causes inflammation. It also causes cancerous cells to rapidly multiply, increasing the risk of cancer spreading to other parts of the body.  
  2. Drinking alcohol can raise hormone levels like oestrogen, which is linked to breast cancer. 
  3. If you smoke, the risk becomes even more significant. Alcohol makes it easier for harmful chemicals in tobacco to enter your body, increasing the risk of cancers in the mouth, throat and oesophagus.   
  4. Alcohol can contribute to weight gain, which is a risk factor for many cancers. 

Managing your cancer risk

When it comes to alcohol and cancer risk, not drinking alcohol is the safest choice. If you do choose to drink alcohol, the Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks from Alcohol from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) sets limits to help reduce the risk of alcohol-related disease and injury. These guidelines outline the maximum amount of alcohol healthy adults can drink before their risk of serious health harm increases significantly. These are limits, not targets. Drinking less, or not drinking at all, will always be better for your health.

It is not just about cancer 

The effect of drinking on our health goes beyond the cancer risk of alcohol. Our alcohol intake can influence a lot of our health and wellbeing, from our sleep and energy to cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver.  See the image below to discover the effects of alcohol on each organ in your body:

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  • Behaviour Changes: Affects judgement and reduces mental clarity 
  • Blackouts: Interferes with how your brain makes memories. You may not recall what happened
  • Heart Disease: Raises blood pressure and increases harmful blood fats 
  • Lung Damage: Increases the risk of serious lung conditions and infections 
  • Liver Damage: Damages the liver, preventing it from properly removing toxins
  • Breast Cancer: Even moderate drinking increases cancer risk in women 
  • Kidney Damage: Makes the kidney less able to filter blood and other fluids 
  • Stomach Distress: Can cause bloating, gas and painful ulcers. 
  • Numbness: Can cause tingling, numbness and / or nerve damage
  • Frequent Diarrhea: Irritates the gut, causing diarrhea and stomach pain
  • Infertility: Long-term drinking may lead to infertility. 
  • Sexual Dysfunction: Can lead to erectile dysfunction.  
  • Muscle Damage: Can cause muscle cramping, weakness and eventually muscle death.  
  • Thinning Bones: Raises your risk of osteoporosis
  • Malnutrition: Reduces absorption of key vitamins and minerals.
  • Changes in Coordination: Affects balance and movement  
  • Birth Defects: Increase a baby’s risk for several life-long conditions, if drinking during pregnancy
  • Slurred Speech: a common early sign of intoxication  
  • Diabetes complications: Disrupts blood sugar control 

If you are planning a family, are pregnant or breastfeeding, the advice is to completely avoid alcohol to protect both you and your baby’s health.

Where can I find support to reduce my alcohol intake?

Call us on 13 11 20  from Monday to Friday, 9 am – 5 pm (excluding public holidays) or  contact us online.

ADIS provides 24/7 support for Queenslanders with alcohol and other drug concerns and can be contacted on 1800 177 833. Your GP can also offer advice on creating a personalised plan that best fits your situation. 

Sometimes, taking the first step is hard, and a little help, support, and encouragement can go a long way. Don’t be afraid to reach out.

Smoking and alcohol

On their own, alcohol and tobacco cause hundreds of cancer diagnoses in Queensland each year. When alcohol and tobacco are used together, they increase cancer risk more than either one on its own.

Up to 75% of cancers of the mouth, throat, airways and oesophagus are linked to mixing alcohol with smoking. Alcohol makes it easier for harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke to enter and damage cells in your body.

You will make a real difference to your health by choosing to live alcohol-free and quitting, or never starting, smoking. We understand that change can be challenging, so our expert team is available to help you find the resources and support your needs.

Your guide to drinking less

If you drink alcohol, cutting back reduces your cancer risk. For some people, going alcohol-free feels like the right choice. For others, reducing alcohol intake might look like progressively making little, intentional changes. Small shifts can make a meaningful difference over time, so we’ve gathered some simple, practical tips to help you:

1. Plan Your Week

Aim for Alcohol-Free Days: Introduce at least two alcohol-free days each week to give your body a consistent break. 

Avoid Binge Drinking: Keep your consumption steady and low to prevent the related health spikes (strain on organs, damage DNA) associated with heavy sessions.

2. Pace Your Drinking

Hydrate and Alternate: Drink a glass of water or a non-alcoholic beverage  

Sip Slowly: Take your time and consciously put your glass down between sips to practice mindful drinking. 

Finish Before You Refill: Always empty your glass before topping it up. This allows you to keep an accurate count of how much you have consumed.

3. Smart Substitutions

Lower the Strength: Choose low-alcohol options or dilute your drink with mineral water. 

Avoid Salty Snacks: Salt increases thirst, which often leads to drinking faster. opt for water if you are feeling thirsty.

4. Shift Your Social Focus

Change the Venue: Instead of meeting at a pub, suggest catching up over tea or coffee. 

Get Active: Invite friends for a bushwalk, a game of sport, or a functional activity

Questions you may have…

Does the type of alcohol matter? 

No. The cancer risk comes from the alcohol itself, not the type of drink. Beer, wine and spirits all contain alcohol and increase cancer risk.

Does drinking water while drinking alcohol flush the toxins out faster? 

Water  does not dilute or flush out the toxins faster. When you drink alcohol, it is absorbed directly into your blood stream and is processed as a toxin through your liver. How quickly this happens depends on how much alcohol you have consumed and how healthy your liver is. Drinking water does not affect this process or speed it up. Keep in mind, it is important to drink water while you are drinking alcohol, because it keeps you hydrated and helps you limit the amount of alcohol you consume.

If I stop drinking alcohol, will my cancer risk decrease?  

When it comes to cancer risk, there is no safe level of alcohol consumption. Even small amounts of alcohol can increase cancer risk. Quitting drinking is the fastest way to reduce cancer risk caused by alcohol.

Can alcohol affect my cancer treatment or recovery? 

It’s important to look after yourself during and after cancer treatment. Alcohol can negatively affect cancer treatment and recovery by interfering with how your liver processes cancer medications, reducing treatment effectiveness, increasing side effects and potentially increasing the risk of cancer recurrence. Going alcohol-free may support your treatment outcomes and decrease the risk of cancer recurrence.  

Check with your health care team, including your doctor and nurses, about whether it is safe to drink alcohol during or immediately following chemotherapy or other cancer treatments.

Why isn’t the link between alcohol and cancer widely known in Australia?  

Many people are not aware that alcohol increases cancer risk and that it is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen.

Alcohol has long been part of social and cultural life in Australia, and its links to cancer have not always been widely discussed. Public health campaigns have often focused on more immediate harms, such as drink driving, rather than on the link between alcohol and cancer risk.

As awareness grows, more people are choosing to reduce their alcohol intake to support their health.

Have other questions? Talk to us.

Our team is here to listen and support you.

References

Alcohol Drugs Information Service – Queensland
https://adis.health.qld.gov.au/

Australian Government – Australia’s health 2018
https://www.aihw.gov.au/getmedia/

National Health and Medical Research Council – Alcohol
https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-advice/alcohol