digital rectal examination (DRE)
An examination in which a doctor puts a gloved finger into the anus to feel for abnormalities in the anus, rectum or prostate gland.
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bowel cancer
Cancer of the large bowel; also known as colorectal cancer, colon cancer or rectal cancer.
local excision
A type of surgery for selected small rectal cancers. The surgeon operates through the anus to remove the cancer without cutting into the abdomen.
abdominoperineal resection (APR)
An operation for rectal cancer, which involves removing part of the colon and the rectum and anus and creating a permanent colostomy. Also used for anal cancer.
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colposcopy
Examination of the cervix using a magnifying instrument called a colposcope.
Pap smear (Pap test)
A test in which cervical cells are removed and sent to a laboratory for examination….
nasendoscopy
An internal examination of the nose and upper airways using a long, flexible tube called an endoscope….
large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)
A procedure used to remove cervical tissue for examination.
cone biopsy
Removal of a cone-shaped piece of the cervix for examination under a microscope.