Understanding your child’s cancer

This page covers

Understanding your child’s treatment plan

Every child’s cancer is different. Treatment depends on the type of cancer, where it is in your child’s body, whether it has spread. Treatment also depends on your child’s individual needs. Before treatment begins, your child’s doctor will talk with you about the treatment plan.

What is a treatment plan?

A treatment plan explains:

  • Which treatments your child will have.
  • How and where treatment will be given.
  • How often treatment will happen.
  • How long treatment may take.
  • The possible short- and long-term side effects.
  • How the team will check whether treatment is working.

Treatment plans can sometimes change. This may happen because of test results, how the cancer responds, how your child is coping with treatment or if the treatment plan is part of a clinical trial. A change to your child’s treatment plan does not always mean that something has gone wrong. The healthcare team may be adjusting the plan to give your child the safest and most effective care.

Understanding cancer treatments

Every child’s treatment is different.

Some children only need one type of treatment. Others need several treatments working together.

Your child’s healthcare team will explain which treatment is best for your child and why.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy uses medicines to destroy cancer cells or stop them growing.

The medicines may be given:

  • into a vein in the hand or arm through an intravenous catheter
  • into a larger vein through a central line or portacath
  • as tablets
  • as a liquid to swallow
  • by an injection
  • by a lumbar puncture to deliver chemotherapy into cerebrospinal fluid.

Chemotherapy can also affect healthy cells for a short time. This is why some children develop side effects such as tiredness, hair loss, nausea or mouth sores.

Surgery

Some cancers can be treated by removing all or part of a tumour during an operation.

The type of surgery depends on where the cancer is and how big it is.

A surgeon and oncologist will explain what the operation involves and what recovery may look like.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to damage cancer cells and stop them growing.

It only treats the part of the body being targeted.

Before treatment starts, careful planning is done so the radiation reaches the correct area while protecting as much healthy tissue as possible.

Other treatments

Some children may also receive:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Stem cell transplant
  • Targeted therapy
  • Treatment through a clinical trial.

Your child’s healthcare team will explain whether any of these treatments are suitable.

Questions you may want to ask about your child’s treatment

  • What is the goal of this treatment?
  • How will the treatment be given?
  • How long will it take?
  • What side effects should we expect?
  • Will the treatment require a stay at hospital?
  • Who should we contact if we are worried?
  • How will you know whether the treatment is working?
  • Are there other treatment options?
  • Is this treatment part of a clinical trial?

You can ask the healthcare team to explain the plan as often as you need.